摘要:
利用超声波将经表面预处理的纳米氧化锡锑(ATO)粒子均匀分散到聚乙烯醇(PVA)水溶液中,与正丁醛缩合反应,原位法制备了一系列纳米ATO/聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)复合材料。采用FTIR、UV/VIS/NIR、TG、TEM及AFM等对所制备的原位纳米ATO/PVB复合材料的结构、微观形貌及性能进行了研究。结果表明: 在合成PVB树脂的阶段添加少量纳米ATO粒子,能更均匀地分散在PVB基质中,所制备的复合材料薄膜的紫外线及近红外光透过率大幅度下降,而可见光透过率降低幅度较小,且随纳米ATO用量增加,紫外屏蔽及隔热性能不断提高。在纳米ATO用量(与PVB质量比为2.76%)较低时,纳米ATO/PVB复合材料的力学性能尤其韧性得到明显提高,断裂伸长率达到纯PVB的7.3倍; 在ATO与PVB质量比为1.74%时,可见光透过率高于70%,紫外光透过率低于10%,近红外光热辐射透过率低于28%,导热系数为0.23 W(m·K)-1,与纯PVB相比,用纳米ATO/PVB复合材料胶膜所制盖板的隔热空腔内温度下降5.5℃,具有良好的透明度、紫外屏蔽及隔热性能。
Abstract:
A series of nano antimony tin oxide (ATO)/polyvinyl butyral (PVB) composites were prepared using condensation reaction of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and butyraldehyde(BA) by in-situ method through dispersing the surface pretreated ATO in PVA solution with supersonic vibration. The structure, micro-morphology and properties of the nano-ATO/PVB composites were studied by using FTIR, UV/VIS/NIR (ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometry), TG, TEM, AFM (atomic force microscope) and some other means. The results show that, a few nano-ATO particles added before the synthesizing of PVB resin can be uniformly dispersed in the matrix of PVB. The transmittance of the composites in ultraviolet light and near infrared light decreases obviously, but the visible light transmittance decreases slowly. The UV-shielding and heat-insulation performances increase continuously with the increase of nano-ATO content. For the lower ATO content (mass ratio 2.76% to PVB), the mechanical properties especially the toughness of the in-situ composites are markedly improved, the elongation at break increases by 7.3 times compared with PVB matrix. With the ATO mass ratio 1.74% to PVB, the visible light transmittance of the composite is higher than 70%, the ultraviolet transmittance is less than 10%, the transmittance of near infrared radiation is lower than 28%, the thermal conductivity is 0.23 W(m·K)-1. The air temperature inside the box with the cover plate made of the ATO/PVB composites decreases by 5.5℃ compared with the PVB film without ATO, and the composite film also exhibits a good visible transmittance, excellent properties of UV-shielding and heat-insulation.
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