Abstract: Almost all natural biomaterials are composite materials,such as bamboo,wood,bone and shell,etc..They have formed distinguished structures after millions of years of natural selection and evolution.In the present paper,the origination,development and some applications of bionics were reviewed and some optimal characteristics and superiorities of the tomposite structures of natural materials were studied.The result reveals that both plant and animal materials conform to the "Principle of Functional Adaptability".Finally,the self-healing abilities of trauma of bone and wood were studied,which provides the necessary preparation for the research of the self-healing of composite materials.