Abstract: Synthesizing epoxy resins with petrochemical products as raw materials will face the problems of resource shortage and environmental pollution, and the use of environmentally friendly renewable biomass materials to prepare epoxy resins is becoming more and more popular. Lignin is the second largest natural non-petroleum resource after cellulose, with the advantages of renewable and non-polluting, which is an ideal choice to replace petroleum resources. However, lignin has unique heterogeneity and spatial site resistance, making it more difficult to synthesize epoxy resins. Chemical modification can overcome this problem and improve the performance of epoxy resins. This paper summarizes the latest research progress of lignin epoxy resins. First, the structure and characteristics of lignin are described. Then, the effects of the modifications of lignin, such as phenolization, amination, and hydroxymethylation, on the mechanical properties of its synthetic epoxy resins are focused. In addition, the applications of lignin epoxy resins in the fields of electronic encapsulation and coatings, adhesives, and carbon fibers are discussed. Finally, some problems in the preparation process and performance optimization of lignin-based epoxy resins are also summarized, and the future development direction is envisioned.