纳米膨胀阻燃季戊四醇二磷酸酯双磷酰蜜胺有机改性蒙脱土/聚乳酸复合材料的制备及阻燃性能
Preparation and intumescently flame-retardant properties of spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphorate disphosphoryl melamine organomodified montmorillonite/polylactide nanocomposite
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摘要: 将一种高效膨胀型无卤阻燃剂季戊四醇二磷酸酯双磷酰蜜胺(SPBDM)和有机改性蒙脱土(OMMT)添加到高分子量聚乳酸(PLA)中,熔融共混制备纳米膨胀型阻燃聚乳酸复合材料(SPBDM-OMMT/PLA)。采用XRD、TEM研究了纳米粒子的形态分布,并用热重分析法(TGA)、氧指数测试(LOI)、垂直燃烧测试(UL-94)探讨了该纳米阻燃SPBDM-OMMT/PLA复合材料的热性能和阻燃性能。研究表明,OMMT在PLA基体中有较好的分散性,高分子链插入层状硅酸盐片层间,形成了剥离型或插层型复合材料;相比纯PLA,加入SPBDM后改善了OMMT/PLA的高温热稳定性,最大热分解温度均向高温移动,且高温残炭质量分数大幅度提高;当SPBDM和OMMT质量分数分别为10.0%和1.0%时,纳米阻燃SPBDM-OMMT/PLA复合材料能达到较好的阻燃效果,LOI数值高达32%,相应垂直燃烧等级达UL-94V-0级。Abstract: Intumescently flame retardant polylactide (SPBDM-OMMT/PLA) nanocomposites were prepared by melt-extruding polylactide(PLA)with spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphorate disphosphoryl melamine (SPBDM) and organo-modified montmorillonite (OMMT). The internal structure of the composites was probed established by XRD and TEM. The SPBDM-OMMT/PLA nanocomposites were also evaluated by thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA), limiting oxygen index(LOI) measurements and UL-94 tests. The results reveal that the uniformly dispersed OMMT clay exfoliates or intercalates in PLA matrix. The thermal stability and char yield of these nanocomposites are greatly enhanced at high temperature, and the maximum degradation temperature increases compared with those of pure PLA. The LOI value of 32% and V-0 level are achieved when 10.0% of SPBDM and 1.0% of OMMT (mass fraction) are added.
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