聚乙烯自增强复合材料损伤过程的声发射特征
Acoustic emission characteristics of damage processes inself-reinforced polyethylene composites
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摘要: 复合材料在承受外载时, 声发射可产生于基体破裂、纤维-基体界面脱粘和纤维断裂等。测定了U HMWPE/ HDPE 复合材料在拉伸载荷作用下的声发射(AE) 振幅信号。对特殊试样, 即预测到断裂有明确方式, 如纤维-基体界面脱粘、基体破裂、纤维断裂和分层等的试样, 实施加载直至破坏。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 观测试样的断裂表面, 对产生于若干特殊损伤类型的AE 信号进行了鉴别。在相同加载条件下, 完成了不同种类的U HMWPE/ HDPE 准各向同性层合板声发射检测。结果在特殊试样损伤类型与声发射信号事件振幅之间建立了对应关系, 揭示了上述各种准各向同性层合板损伤扩展过程的AE 特征与损伤破坏机制。各种准各向同性层合板试样的声发射事件累计数对拉伸应力关系曲线相异, 其相同损伤类型发生时所对应的拉伸载荷水平不等, 表明它们的铺设角度和铺设顺序对损伤演变过程有显著的影响。结果证实了它们的最终破坏由严重层间分层造成。Abstract: Upon being subjected to the external load , acoustic emission (AE) may occur f rom mat rix cracking , interface debonding , fiber f racture , etc in composite materials. U HMWPE/ HDPE composite materials were experimented to determine the event amplitude content of AE signals under tensile loads. Special specimens , designed tofail under well-defined modes such as mat rix plastic deformation and cracking , fiber-mat rix debonding , fiber breakage , delamination , etc were tested under the loads f rom zero to failure. The f racture surfaces of the specimens wereobserved by a scanning elect ron microscope ( SEM) . The AE signals were distinguished as being released fromseveral special types of damage. AE measurement s were performed subsequently for different types of U HMWPE/HDPE quasi-isot ropic laminates under the same loading conditions. The correlations are established between thedamage modes and acoustic emission event s amplitude of special specimens which exhibit the dominant damage mechanisms. The AE characteristics of damage growth processes and the fracture mechanisms in U HMWPE/ HDPEquasi2isot ropic laminates are revealed. Accumulative numbers of acoustic emission event s for different types ofU HMWPE/ HDPE quasi-isot ropic laminates vs tensile st ress curves are different from each other ; the correspondingloading levels of their same type of damage occurrence are not equal. The results show that ply stacking angles andsequences affect remarkably the damage growth process of these laminates. It is verified that the final fracture ofthese materials is caused by severe interlaminar delamination.