混凝土表面防腐涂料研究进展

Research progress of anticorrosive coatings on concrete surface

  • 摘要: 混凝土是典型的非均质多孔材料,易受到环境中侵蚀离子介质的侵蚀,导致混凝土及其内部钢筋腐蚀,进而影响混凝土结构的性能并缩短其使用寿命。在众多防护措施中,采用表面防腐涂料是防止混凝土腐蚀、延长其结构服役寿命的最经济有效方法。基于此,本文系统总结了4类混凝土表面防腐涂料:表面成膜型、孔隙封闭型、疏水浸渍型和多功能表面处理型。探讨了每种涂料防护机制、防腐性能及存在的问题与不足。其中,重点分析了不同改性方式对混凝土表面防腐涂料增强效果的影响:有机/无机复合涂料能实现优势互补,显著提升涂料整体性能;有机硅和有机氟的低极性使改性后聚合物的表面能降低,从而显著提升涂料疏水性和耐化学稳定性;添加纳米颗粒能改善涂料力学性能和耐久性;构建特殊纳米结构能改善纳米颗粒团聚性,提高涂料疏水性能。展望未来,高效、安全、低成本、适用性强的混凝土表面防腐涂料是研究的重点,尤其是水性防护涂料与可再生材料的结合、纳米复合改性新型涂料及自修复涂料等。

     

    Abstract: Concrete, a typical heterogeneous porous material, is susceptible to the erosion of ionic media in the environment. This erosion leads to the corrosion of concrete and its internal steel bars, consequently affecting the performance of concrete structures and shortening their service life. Among various protective measures, the application of surface anti-corrosion coatings stands out as the most economical and effective method to prevent concrete corrosion and extend the service life of concrete structures. This paper systematically summarizes four types of concrete surface anti-corrosion coatings: Surface film-forming, pore-sealing, hydrophobic impregnation, and multi-functional surface treatment coatings. The protection mechanism, corrosion resistance, and existing problems and shortcomings of each coating are discussed. The influence of different modification methods on the enhancement effect of anti-corrosion coatings on concrete surfaces is analyzed emphatically: Organic/inorganic composite coatings can achieve complementary advantages and significantly improve the overall performance of coatings. The low polarity of organic silicon and organic fluorine reduces the surface energy of the modified polymer, thereby significantly improving the hydrophobicity and chemical stability of the coating. Adding nanoparticles can improve the mechanical properties and durability of coatings. The construction of special nanostructures can improve the agglomeration of nanoparticles and enhance the hydrophobicity of coatings. Looking forward, the focus of research is on developing efficient, safe, low-cost, and adaptable concrete surface anti-corrosion coatings. This includes exploring the combination of waterborne protective coatings and renewable materials, nano-composite modified new coatings and self-healing coatings.

     

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