Abstract: With the promotion of environmental awareness and the proposal of the national "paper instead of plastic" policy, researchers have been working to develop more environmentally friendly materials to replace petroleum-based materials. Biomass resources are one of the main renewable resources that are expected to partially replace petroleum resources because of their extensive sources. In this paper, the recent research progress of bio-based composites (cellulose, starch, hemicelluloses, chitosan, collagen) with high oxygen inhibition potential is reviewed. Two common methods of modification of biobased materials (film substrate modification and film surface modification) are introduced. The theory and mechanism of oxygen molecular infiltration are briefly summarized. Finally, the current applications of some potential bio-based composites in food, medicine, advanced functional materials and other fields are briefly summarized, and the existing problems are briefly summarized. Finally, the development direction and trend of bio-based materials in the future are prospected.