Abstract: With the rapid advancement of modern science and technology, the widespread adoption of electronic information devices has significantly enhanced the quality of human life. However, security issues such as electromagnetic interference and leakage are arose with this progress. These issues become particularly pronounced in the field of national defense and military technology, where the improvement and upgrading of radar testing technologies pose substantial threats to the survivability of weaponry systems. Consequently, there is an urgent need to develop high-performance electromagnetic absorption materials to suppress electromagnetic interference and radiation, thereby preventing information leakage. This article takes the application of absorption materials and absorption structures as its starting point, systematically organizing the electromagnetic wave loss mechanism of various absorption materials. Simultaneously, it explores the primary means of application for absorption structures. Building upon this foundation, the current state and future trends of research on absorption materials and structures are elucidated. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and shortcomings inherent in current research and development is undertaken, culminating in the identification of key scientific issues that the field of absorption must address in the future. In response to the current inadequacies in the integration of absorption materials and structural functionality, pivotal recommendations regarding future research directions are proposed. The methods discussed and strategies put forth herein are poised to provide valuable guidance for innovative designs in the realm of absorption-bearing structures in the future.