Abstract: In this paper, the latest development of special wettable composite materials based on in situ polymerization is summarized. Firstly, the mechanism of special wettability and special wettable phenomenon in nature are introduced, the common methods of constructing special wettable composite materials are pointed out, and the advantages and disadvantages of these methods are illustrated with examples. Secondly, three types of special wettable composite materials are discussed based on in situ polymerization, it includes special wettable coating composite materials, special wettable fiber composite materials and special wettable porous composite materials. At the same time, the application of special wettable composite materials constructed by in situ polymerization in the fields of oil-water separation, water mist collection and droplet control is also discussed, the mechanism of action, material type and application performance were reviewed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of special wettable composite materials constructed by in-situ polymerization are summarized.