Abstract: In order to solve the electromagnetic wave pollution caused by electronic information technology, carbon-based composite absorbing materials have received extensive attention. Biomass-derived carbon composites not only have excellent electromagnetic wave absorption ability, but also have the advantages of low density, wide source and low cost. Firstly, the preparation method and process of biomass derived carbon are described. Secondly, the structural and morphological characteristics of three kinds of biomass-derived carbon, including plant kingdom, fungus kingdom and protista kingdom, were systematically summarized, and the research results of biomass-derived carbon-based composite absorbing materials in recent years were summarized. Then, the structural morphology and electromagnetic wave absorption properties of different kinds of absorbing materials are compared, and the absorbing mechanism of various materials is analyzed. Finally, the current wave absorbing properties and disadvantages of biomass-derived carbon matrix composites are analyzed, and the future development direction is prospected. This paper provides comprehensive induction, classification, analysis and theoretical support for promoting the research of non-animal biomass derived carbon composite absorbing materials, and provides ideas for its future development.