Abstract: Heat transfer and temperature field analysis of rubber steel/cord composites are important for the study of vulcanization molding, thermo-oxidative aging, and thermal fatigue life of rubber products. In this paper, the heat transfer and heat dissipation mechanisms of rubber/steel cord composites with different steel cord ratios, laminate angles and temperature rise operating conditions are investigated based on a multi-scale heat transfer model and experimentally verified. The results show that the rubber/steel cord composites exhibit obvious anisotropic heat transfer behavior, and the heat flow aggregation effect at the heat transfer interface accelerates the interlayer diffusion of heat for more uniform temperature distribution. The radiative heat dissipation emissivity obtained from the simulation is as high as 0.95, and the radiative heat dissipation behavior is more pronounced as the percentage of steel cord increases and the temperature rises. Compared to the series-parallel heat transfer model, the prediction error of the multiscale heat transfer model is reduced from 10.1% to 2.5%.