Abstract: Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a green and renewable material with abundant sources. BC has outstanding physical and chemical properties and is considered to be a biopolymer material with diverse application potential. With the continuous deterioration of energy and ecological environment, it is urgent to develop advanced energy storage technology. BC shows broad application prospects in the fields of electrochemical energy storage, sensing and energy conversion, and has gained a lot of attention. In this review, BC is briefly introduced. Based on the types of BC and its composites in the field of electrochemical energy storage and sensing, as well as the effects of different treatments and modification methods on the structure and properties of BC, the application progress of BC in the field of electrochemical energy storage and sensing is systematically summarized. In addition, in terms of the composite matrix and reinforcement concept, the construction process of BC and its composites was systematically introduced. The application status of BC in the field of electrochemical energy storage and sensing is mainly reviewed, and the strengths and weaknesses of its application are analyzed and summarized. Meantime, the different applications of BC in new electronic devices and energy conversion are also involved. Finally, the existing challenges and prospects of BC in electrochemical energy storage and sensing are summarized.