Abstract: Natural biomass materials are favored in the field of heterogeneous catalysis due to their wide resources, strong carbon sequestration capacity, high mechanical strength, renewability, environmental friendliness, as well as their unique fine structure and chemical composition. The inherent pore channel system and chemical compositions of biomass materials can not only improve the chemical reaction rate, but also participate in the heterogeneous catalytic reaction as the catalysts carrier. The resource, structural and chemical advantages of biomass such as bamboo, wood and rattan as catalyst carriers were briefly introduced in this paper. The basic concepts, types of catalysts, construction strategies and mechanisms, catalytic activity and failure mechanism of biomass-based monolithic catalytic microreactors were reviewed, as well as the research progress in advanced functional fields such as water treatment, energy generation, chemical synthesis, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, and bioanalysis. Finally, in view of the limitations and existing problems of the current research, the future development trend of biomass-based monolithic catalytic microreactor is prospected in terms of construction strategy optimization, functional catalyst design, structure regulation improvement and stability performance improvement, in order to provide new scientific ideas and technical references for the construction and efficient utilization of functional interfaces of biomass materials under the strategic goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.