Abstract: Environmental water pollution poses a potential threat to human health and the ecological environment, and the protection of water resources and pollution management are important environmental issues. Traditional water treatment technologies have limitations in terms of removal efficiency, selectivity, and other aspects of organic pollutants in environmental water. In recent years, nano-confined catalysis as an emerging technology has attracted much attention in the field of water treatment, which showed unique advantages in the degradation of environmental pollutants. This manuscript provides an overview of the research progress on nanoconfinement in thermal-enhanced catalysis, photo-enhanced catalysis, electro-enhanced catalysis, and membrane-enhanced catalysis for the degradation of typical environmental pollutants. It comprehensively summarizes aspects such as catalytic principles, catalytic efficiency, and influencing factors. Additionally, it offers prospects for future research directions and challenges in the field of confined catalysis.