Abstract: Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs), a new type of one-dimensional nanomaterials, have the characteristics of wide sources, high aspect ratio and excellent mechanical properties. A variety of electromagnetic shielding composite materials, such as aerogels, films and sponges, can be prepared by using CNFs as the carrier or reinforcement phase through different methods. In this paper, based on the principle of electromagnetic shielding, the preparation methods and the research progress of different CNFs-based electromagnetic shielding composites are reviewed, and the differences in the structure and performances of different CNFs-based electromagnetic shielding materials are compared. Finally, the research trends and application prospects of CNFs-based electromagnetic shielding functional composites are prospected.