Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) aluminum alloy adhesive plate is a lightweight and high-strength material, which has been widely applied in lightweight structures, such as airplanes, cars, and high-speed trains. This research first established an representative volume element (RVE) single cell model based on the microscale from fiber/matrix, predicted the elastic mechanical parameters of unidirectional CFRP, and calculated the macro-micro stress amplification coefficient by applying a macroscopic unit load to the RVE model. Secondly, considering the micro-failure criteria and evolution rules of fiber and matrix, the macro-micro progressive damage evolution program of CFRP unidirectional plates was developed. Then combining with the damage model of metal and adhesive interface, a multiscale damage mechanism impacted model of CFRP aluminum alloy adhesive plate was established, then the accuracy and reliability of the numerical model were verified through the experimental tests. Finally, based on the numerical simulation, the influences of fiber angle and fiber volume fraction on the impact behavior of CFRP aluminum alloy adhesive plate were studied in detail. The results show that the fiber layup direction has little effect on the impact mechanical performance of the adhesive plate, while the fiber volume fraction has a greater effect on the impact behavior of the structure.