织物装饰木塑板的制备工艺及性能

Preparation and performance of fabric decorative wood plastic composites

  • 摘要: 利用织物装饰木塑复合材料风格多变,能够大大提高木塑复合材料的实用价值。本文开发了一种新型装饰织物贴面技术,将热塑性聚合物铺设在装饰织物表面,与热压板直接接触,从而缩短装饰织物承受高温的时间;并且受热熔化的聚合物透过装饰织物与木塑基材表面的聚合物相熔合,起到固定和保护装饰织物的作用。本文探究了热压温度(140℃、160℃和180℃)、基材中木塑比(6∶4、7∶3和8∶2)和表面聚合物的种类(高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和聚乳酸)对饰面木粉/高密度聚乙烯(WF/HDPE)复合材料表面胶合强度、装饰效果、力学性能等的影响;通过红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等手段对WF/HDPE复合材料和织物的性能变化进行了分析和表征。结果表明:熔融的聚合物能够透过装饰织物纤维空隙,与木塑基材熔合状况良好,制得的装饰复合材料表面光滑平整。综合分析热压温度、基材木塑比和表面聚合物种类的影响,认为当热压温度为160℃、木塑比为7∶3时,表层使用聚乳酸时棉麻织物装饰的WF/HDPE复合基材力学强度最佳,表面胶合强度可达3.64 MPa,弯曲强度达到82.19 MPa。

     

    Abstract: The use of fabrics to decorate wood plastic composites (WPC) in a variety of styles can greatly improve the practical value of WPC. In this study, a new decorative fabric veneer technique was developed, in which a thermoplastic polymer was laid on the surface of the decorative fabric. This enabled the thermoplastic polymer to be in direct contact with the hot platen, thus shortening the time that the decorative fabric was exposed to high temperatures. Moreover, the heat-melted polymer fused with the polymer on the surface of the wood-plastic substrate through the decorative fabric, which served to fix and protect the decorative fabric. In this paper, the effects of hot-pressing temperature (140℃, 160℃ and 180℃), wood-plastic ratio in the substrate (6∶4, 7∶3 and 8∶2) and the type of polymer (high density polyethylene, low density polyethylene and polylactic acid (PLA)) on the properties, such as surface bonding strength, decorative effect and mechanical properties of the decorative wood flour/high-density polyethylene (WF/HDPE) composites, were investigated. The changes in the properties of WF/HDPE composites and fabrics were analyzed and characterized by FTIR and SEM. The results show that the molten polymer is able to pass through the fiber voids of the decorative fabric and fuses well with the wood-plastic substrate. The surface of the produced decorative composite material is smooth and even. The effects of hot pressing temperature, substrate wood-plastic ratio and surface polymer type were comprehensive analyzed. When the hot pressing temperature is 160℃, wood-plastic ratio is 7∶3, the mechanical strength of the WF/HDPE composite substrate with the surface layer of the fabric decorated with PLA is the best. Its surface bonding strength is up to 3.64 MPa and the bending strength reaches 82.19 MPa.

     

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