Abstract: Under the background of the "dual carbon" strategy, the research progress of bio-based fluorescent intelligent materials and their multifunctional applications have attracted much attention. Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer material in nature. Cellulose-based solid-state fluorescence sensors not only have the advantages of green, low cost, biodegradability, good hydrophilicity, good biocompatibility, and non-toxicity, but also have advantages such as portability, efficiency, long lifespan, high stability, and wide applicability compared to traditional fluorescent molecular probes. The research progress of cellulose-based solid-state fluorescent sensors prepared by chemical modification in recent years was reviewed. The mechanism of the combination of cellulose with different fluorescent molecules was clarified. Fluorescent molecules were introduced to the surface of cellulose by covalent crosslinking or introduction of functional groups. Various types of cellulose-based solid-state fluorescence sensors, including cationic, anionic, pH-type, nitroaromatic, gas-type and double (multi) re-responsive types, were introduced. The advantages of cellulose-based solid-state fluorescence sensors in environmental detection, bioimaging, food safety, fluorescence printing and anti-counterfeiting applications were also introduced. Finally, the relevant research on cellulose-based fluorescent smart sensors is discussed in detail, and their development opportunities and future challenges are prospected.