Interlaminar shear behavior of glass-fibre reinforced polypropylene rod under seawater and sea sand concrete simulation environment
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摘要: 连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯(GFRPP)复合材料杆集成了热塑性树脂可多次成型、环境友好、可回收利用和玻璃纤维高应变、低成本等优点，在混凝土结构领域，GFRPP复合材料有望替代钢筋和热固性纤维增强聚合物(FRP)筋成为新型热塑性复合材料。本文采用加速实验研究了模拟海水-海砂混凝土环境下GFRPP杆的水吸收及层间剪切性能长期演化规律与退化机制。研究结果表明：GFRPP杆吸水行为符合Fick定律，21℃、40℃和60℃浸泡温度下GFRPP杆的饱和吸水率分别为0.63%、0.78%和0.81%；经120天21℃、40℃和60℃模拟海水-海砂混凝土孔溶液浸泡后，GFRPP杆层间剪切强度保留率分别为80.5%、72.8%和66.5%。最后，结合SEM和FTIR表征技术，揭示模拟海水-海砂混凝土孔溶液浸泡下GFRPP杆性能退化机制。Abstract: Glass-fibre reinforced polypropylene (GFRPP) composite rod integrate the advantages of thermoplastic resin multi-molding, environmental friendliness, recyclability, and high strain and low cost of glass fiber. In the field of concrete structures, GFRPP rods are expected to replace steel bars and thermoset fibre reinforced polyer (FRP) bars as a new composite material. In this paper, accelerated experiments were used to study the long-term evolution of water absorption, interlaminar shear properties and degenerative mechanism of GFRPP rod under simulated seawater and sea sand concrete environment. The results show that the water absorption behavior of GFRPP rod conforms to Fick's law, and the saturation water absorption rates of GFRPP rods at immersion temperatures of 21°C, 40°C and 60°C are 0.63%, 0.78% and 0.81%, respectively. After 120 days of immersion in 21°C, 40°C and 60°C simulated seawater sea sand concrete pore solutions, the shear strength retention rates between GFRPP rods are 80.5%, 72.8% and 66.5%. Finally, the performance degradation mechanism of GFRPP rods under simulated seawater-sea sand concrete pore solution immersion was revealed by combining SEM and FTIR characterization techniques.
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图 1 拉挤成型的玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯(GFRPP)杆(直径6 mm)
Figure 1. Pultruded glass fibre reinforced polypropylene (GFRPP) rods (Diameter 6 mm)
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图 3 不同浸泡温度下GFRPP杆动态热机械分析(DMA)曲线
Figure 3. Dynamic thermomechanical analysis (DMA) curves of the GFRPP rods under different immersion temperatures
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图 4 不同浸泡温度下GFRPP杆的吸水曲线
Figure 4. Water absorption curves of GFRPP rod at different immersion temperatures
R2—Goodness of fit
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图 5 GFRPP杆的水吸收扩散系数(Dr)与温度(T)关系曲线
Figure 5. Curve of water absorption diffusion coefficient (Dr) vs temperature (T) of GFRPP rod
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图 6 GFRPP杆层间剪切荷载-位移曲线
Figure 6. Interlaminar shear load-deformation curves of the GFRPP rods
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图 7 GFRPP杆老化后层间剪切强度(ILSS)测试典型荷载-位移曲线
Figure 7. Typical load-displacement curves for interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) test after GFRPP rod aging
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图 8 不同浸泡温度下GFRPP杆层间剪切强度退化比较
Figure 8. Comparison of ILSS degradation of GFRPP rods at different immersion temperatures
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图 10 老化前GFRPP杆SEM图像
Figure 10. SEM images of GFRPP rod before aging
GF—Glass fiber; PP—Polypropylene
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图 11 120天、60℃模拟溶液GFRPP杆老化SEM 图像
Figure 11. SEM images of GFRPP rod aging in 120 days, 60℃ simulated solution
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图 12 不同浸泡时间下GFRPP杆的FTIR图谱
Figure 12. FTIR spectra of GFRPP rods at different immersion time
Mechanical
propertyTensile
strength/
MPaTensile
modulus/
GPaFlexural
strength/
MPaFlexural
modulus/
GPaMean 632.0 26.2 750.0 20.0 Standard
deviation31.4 2.2 118.0 2.7 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 GFRPP杆的水吸收拟合参数
Table 2 Water absorption fitting parameters of GFRPP rods
Temperature/℃ Dr/(10−13 m·s-1) M∞/% R2 21 3.02 0.63 0.989 40 6.73 0.78 0.991 60 16.03 0.81 0.978 Notes: Dr—Water absorption diffusion coefficient; M∞—Saturation water absorption rate.
下载: 导出CSV
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目的
连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯(Glass Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene，GFRPP)复合材料杆集成了热塑性树脂可多次成型、环境友好、可回收利用和玻璃纤维高应变、低成本等优点，在混凝土结构领域，GFRPP复合材料有望替代钢筋和热固性FRP筋成为新型热塑性复合材料。本文采用加速实验研究了模拟海水-海砂混凝土环境下GFRPP杆的水吸收及层间剪切性能长期演化规律与退化机理。
方法加速实验研究了模拟海水-海砂混凝土环境下GFRPP杆的水吸收及层间剪切性能长期演化规律与退化机理。首先，加速实验通过恒温21、40和60℃模拟海水-海砂混凝土孔溶液测定GFRPP杆的吸水性能，采用Fick定律获得GFRPP杆在模拟海水-海砂混凝土孔溶液在上述温度下的水吸收扩散系数与饱和吸水率。测试各工况下GFRPP杆层间剪切强度及热力学性能，并采用SEM和FTIR微观表征技术揭示模拟海水-海砂混凝土孔溶液环境下GFRPP杆长期剪切性能的退化机理。
结果(1)水吸收测试结果表明，不同温度下的水吸收曲线均随着老化时间的增加，GFRPP杆的吸水率先线性增加，达到饱和状态后基本保持平衡，此规律复合典型的Fick吸水模型。GFRPP杆在60℃下的水吸收扩散速率和饱和吸水率明显高于40℃和21℃，其水吸收扩散速率为40℃和21℃的2.4和5.3倍。(2)GFRPP杆的剪切性能及热力学性能测试表明，GFRPP杆原始(未浸泡)试样层间剪切荷载-变形曲线起始阶段呈线性，且在水平剪切破坏前存在由拉力机压头引起的屈服段。模拟海水-海砂环境下GFRPP杆的层间剪切强度随温度升高和浸泡时间增大而降低。与未浸泡试样相比，经21℃、40℃和60℃模拟海水-海砂浸泡120天后其层间剪切强度保留率分别为80.5%、72.8%和66.5%。(3)热力学测试结果显示GFRPP杆在21℃和60℃浸泡温度下损耗因子分别增加0.053和0.058，增幅分别为1.23、1.83倍。40℃浸泡温度损耗因子增幅呈先增后减趋势，当测试温度高于140℃，40℃与21℃下材料损耗因子几乎相等。(4)微观表征表明，GFRPP杆中存在的微细观孔隙和裂缝是纤维-树脂界面脱粘的根本原因，孔隙、裂缝的发展进一步为环境中氢氧根等离子刻蚀提供了“通道”。
结论(1)连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料(GFRPP)杆的水吸收行为符合Fick定律，21℃的水吸收扩散速率为3.02(10m/s)、饱和吸水率0.63%，40和60℃水吸收扩散速率、饱和吸水率分别为21℃的2.23、1.24倍和5.31、1.29倍；高温明显加速模拟溶液沿杆体径向的扩散，但对吸水性能影响不显著。(2)21、40和60℃模拟海水-海砂混凝土孔溶液浸泡120天后GFRPP杆层间剪切强度保留率分别为80.5%、72.8%和66.5%，其60℃层间剪切强度保留率比浸泡84天热固性GFRP强度保留率高24%左右，且该优势在40、60℃尤为显著。(3)GFRPP杆体内部微细观孔隙和裂缝在模拟海水-海砂混凝土孔溶液中持续发育、扩展致使玻璃纤维暴露于浸泡溶液并使其发生不同程度的刻蚀是GFRPP杆剪切性能退化的主要原因；纤维-树脂界面脱粘也是层间剪切性能降低的另一重要原因，该结论通过SEM图片和FTIR能谱得以证实。
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连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯(Glass Fibre Reinforced Polypropylene，GFRPP)复合材料杆集成了热塑性树脂可多次成型、环境友好、可回收利用和玻璃纤维高应变、低成本等优点，在混凝土结构领域，GFRPP复合材料有望替代钢筋和热固性FRP筋成为新型热塑性复合材料。
本文采用加速试验研究了模拟海水-海砂混凝土环境下GFRPP杆的水吸收及层间剪切性能长期演化规律与退化机理。研究结果表明：GFRPP杆吸水行为符合Fick定律，21、40和60℃浸泡温度下GFRPP杆的饱和吸水率分别为0.63、0.78和0.81%；经120天21、40和60℃模拟海水海砂混凝土孔溶液浸泡后，GFRPP杆层间剪切强度保留率分别为80.5、72.8和66.5%。最后，结合SEM和FTIR表征技术，揭示模拟海水-海砂混凝土孔溶液浸泡下GFRPP杆性能退化机理。
模拟海水-海砂混凝土孔环境GFRPP杆的层间剪切性能演化：(a)长期吸水性能；(b) SEM表征及FTIR能谱分析；(c)层间剪切强度退化
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