Abstract: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are widely used in materials because of their large specific surface area, adjustable porosity and pore size, strong surface modification function, and good chemical and thermal stability. However, MOFs are prone to agglomeration, and their inherent crystal structure leads to poor flexibility, processability and recyclability, which severely limits their application. In recent years, MOFs have been compounded with environmentally friendly and renewable biomass materials, which not only solves the above problems, but also combines the advantages of biomass and MOFs to realize their application in emerging fields. Starting from different biomass raw materials, this paper introduces the types and preparation methods of MOFs/biomass matrix composites, reviews the research progress of MOFs/biomass matrix composites in water purification, gas separation, antibacterial treatment and electrochemical application in detail, and puts forward constructive suggestions for the problems existing in the preparation and application process, in order to provide a scientific basis for researchers to design and develop high-performance MOFs/biomass composites.