Abstract: With the development and efficient utilization of nuclear energy in China, uranium has become one of the common pollutants in surface water, groundwater and soil. The removal of U(VI) from uranium-containing wastewater has become an urgent environmental problem to be solved. Hydroxyapatite modified bentonite composite hydroxyapatite modified bentonite (HAP/BTN) was successfully prepared by a simple one-step hydrothermal method using bentonite, disodium hydrogen phosphate and calcium nitrate as raw materials. The adsorption performance of HAP/BTN on uranium in wastewater was investigated. The effects of pH, rotation speed, temperature, dosage and time on the adsorption performance were discussed by orthogonal test. The results showed that under the conditions of pH=6.0, rotation speed=100 r·min⁻¹, room temperature (298.15 K), HAP/BTN dosage of 1 g·L⁻¹ and adsorption time t=30 min, the removal rate of 10 mg·L⁻¹ uranium-containing wastewater could reach 98%, and the maximum adsorption capacity was 186.45 mg·g⁻¹. The adsorption process was more in line with the Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters show that the adsorption of uranium on HAP/BTN was a spontaneous endothermic process, combined with XPS and XRD results, confirmed that the adsorption of uranium by HAP/BTN was mainly attributed to complexation reaction, chemical adsorption, electrostatic and ion exchange.