Abstract: In recent years, with the vigorous development of new energy industry, the contradiction between the supply and demand of lithium materials has intensified, and the rational development and utilization of lithium resources are gradually becoming key factors in the development of new energy in China. Salt lake brine is gradually becoming the development direction of China's lithium extraction industry due to its low cost and abundant reserves. Two-dimensional (2D) materials refer to materials in which electrons can only move in two dimensions on a non-nanometer scale (1-100 nm). 2D nanomaterials have received extensive attention in the scientific community due to their special lamellar structure at the atomic scale, high specific surface area, good mechanical strength, rich active sites and good modifiability. This article summarizes the applications of 2D materials as adsorbents and membrane separation materials for lithium extraction in terms of their characteristics, and also points out the current problems and future development trends. This review provides references for the research and application of 2D materials in the field of lithium extraction from salt lake.