Abstract: As a newly developed energy storage system, aqueous magnesium ion battery takes its edge by lower cost, more abundant source of raw materials, higher theoretical energy storage capacity. However, the problems brought by aqueous electrolytes and magnesium themselves greatly limit the further development of aqueous magnesium ion batteries. Here, the influence of the type and concentration of anions in aqueous electrolyte and electrolyte additives on the battery performance is described, and the research of some electrode materials, including new materials and new theories, is introduced. Finally, some efficient characterization and analysis methods are summarized.