Abstract: The increasing popularity of electronic devices has aggravated the problem of electromagnetic wave pollution, and the development of electromagnetic wave absorbing materials can not only protect the human body and precision equipment from electromagnetic wave interference, but also reduce the secondary pollution of electromagnetic waves, which has great research significance in both civil and military applications. MXene is a novel two-dimensional nanosheet material with graphene-like structure, which has a large aspect ratio, adjustable conductivity and abundant functional groups, and can be used to study high-performance electromagnetic wave absorbing materials. This paper reviews the chemical composition of MXene and its research progress in the field of wave absorption, introduces the loss mechanism of absorbing materials in detail, and summarizes and analyzes MXene-based composite absorbing materials from microstructure and macroscopic morphology respectively, and finally gives an outlook on the future development direction of MXene and its composite absorbing materials in terms of loss mechanism, structure and multifunction.