Abstract: Fibre-reinforced resin matrix composites are widely used in military/civilian aircraft due to their high specific strength/modulus and good fatigue/corrosion resistance. To avoid damage such as fibre breakage, matrix cracking and delamination caused by riveting/bolting, gluing is often used. Contamination of the adhesive interface, unevenness/ageing of the adhesive can lead to "kissing" and "weak bonding" problems, which cannot be detected and assessed by existing non-destructive testing techniques such as ultrasonic and infrared, and have become a safety hazard for composite structures. Laser bond inspection (LBI) is a new type of inspection technology that uses the mechanical effect of laser shock waves to reflect tensile waves for quantitative assessment of interface bond strength. It can effectively solve the problem of "kissing" and "weak bonding". This paper introduces the technical principles, characteristics and applications of laser shock wave interface bond strength testing; Summarises the progress of domestic and international research and the key issues to be solved from four aspects: Pulsed laser induced shock wave characteristics, shock wave propagation law and dynamic response of materials, laser shock layer cracking and damage characteristics, and interface bond strength testing methods. The outlook is from the development of nanosecond lasers with large pulse width/even energy/high power, the establishment of multivariable laser shock wave spatio-temporal pressure models, the construction of high strain rate mechanical models for composite materials, the invention of fast/accurate/intelligent detection methods and the establishment of a standardized and unified research system. A comprehensive analysis of domestic research deficiencies and technology gaps, suggested solutions and solutions, and hoped to promote the rapid development and engineering applications of laser shock wave interface bond strength testing technology by strengthening basic research and key technology breakthroughs.