Abstract: It is eagerly necessary to further develop the low-carbon and environmentally friendly 3D printing feedstocks, such as biomass-based three-dimensional (3D) printing photosensitive resin polymers, considering the continuous transformation of social consumption demands to green and sustainable development direction and the proposal of the national “double carbon” strategic goal. Lignin, as the second renewable and green biopolymer after cellulose, has exhibited its great application prospects in 3D printing feedstocks. The aim of this paper is to provide a critical review on the most cutting-edge researches of lignin and its derivatives as biomaterial feedstocks of 3D printing photosensitive resins, including the applications mechanism and performance effects of lignin-based photosensitive oligomers, lignin-derived reactive diluents, lignin-derived photo-initiators, as well as the lignin-based additives. Finally, the challenges and industrial prospects of lignin-based photosensitive resins as 3D printing feedstocks are analyzed and prospected.