Abstract: Fiber reinforced resin matrix composites are widely used in aerospace, wind power and automobile industry due to the advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance etc. However, as heterogeneous anisotropic materials, fiber-reinforced composites are difficult to process. Traditional processing methods can lead to problems like excessive heat affected zone, delamination and fuzzing, which are difficult to meet the requirements of high-precision processing in the aeronautic and astronautic industry. As a new processing technique, ultrashort pulse laser processing has the advantages of micro scale, strong controllability, no material restriction and non-contact. It is expected to realize the high-precision processing of fiber composites. In this paper, on the basis of the current research on ultrafast laser processing carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) was reviewed, and the mechanisms of ultrafast laser processing CFRP and methods to improve the machining quality were discussed. Further, the research direction and content for the purpose of breaking through the bottleneck of high-precision machining technology in aerospace industry are prospected, which provides a technical route and possible solutions for precision machining meeting the high-precision and large-scale requirements of the aerospace industry.