Abstract: Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber, together with carbon fiber and aramid fiber, is one of the three high-performance fibers. It has the characteristics of low density, high impact resistance, high breaking strength and modulus, and excellent chemical stability. This paper reviews the current research status and recent progress of UHMWPE fiber and its composites, including the performance comparison between UHMWPE fiber and other high-performance fibers, the typical production process of UHMWPE fiber and its influence on fiber performance, the types of resin matrix matched with UHMWPE fiber, the modification methods to improve fiber surface adhesion, thermal stability and creep resistance, weaving and composite processes, and the application of UHMWPE fibers and their composite applications. Finally, the main problems existing in UHMWPE fiber and its composite materials are analyzed, and the possible development direction in the future is discussed.