Freeze-thaw cycle and microstructure of rice husk ash rubber concrete
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摘要: 为研究稻壳灰橡胶混凝土(RRC)的抗冻融性能，对比分析在氯盐环境下冻融循环后，普通混凝土(Normal concrete，NC)、橡胶混凝土(Rubber concrete，RC)和RRC的质量损失、相对动弹模量损失、强度损失及微观结构特征，同时对相对动弹模量与相对抗压强度的关系进行拟合分析。结果发现：随冻融循环次数增加，稻壳灰橡胶混凝土表面坑蚀愈明显，内部孔隙增多，微裂缝发展并贯通，宏观强度显著降低，相对动弹模量与抗压强度有良好相关性，拟合结果较优。橡胶的高弹性和稻壳灰极高的火山灰效应有效缓解了冻胀力带来的损伤，各冻融阶段RRC的损伤程度均明显优于NC，其中以稻壳灰掺量(占胶凝材料质量比)为10%、橡胶掺量(等体积取代砂)为10%时的RRC力学性能与抗冻融性能综合最优，经历120次冻融循环后，其抗压强度损失率较NC降低了18%。Abstract: In order to study the freeze-thaw resistance of rice husk ash rubber concrete (RRC), the mass loss, relative dynamic modulus loss, strength loss and microstructure characteristics of normal concrete (NC) and RRC after freeze-thaw cycles in chloride environment were compared and analyzed, and the relationship between relative dynamic modulus and relative compressive strength was fitted and analyzed. The results show that with the increase of freeze-thaw cycles, the pit erosion on the concrete surface becomes more obvious, the internal pores increase, microcracks develop and penetrate, and the macroscopic strength decreases significantly. The relative dynamic modulus has a good correlation with the compressive strength, and the fitting structure is better. The high elasticity of rubber and high pozzolanic effect of rice husk ash effectively alleviate the damage caused by frost heaving force, and the damage degree of RRC in each freeze-thaw stage is significantly better than that of NC. When the content of rice husk ash (mass ratio to cementitious materials) is 10% and the content of rubber (volume replacement of sand) is 10%, the comprehensive optimum of mechanical properties and freeze-thawing resistance of RRC is the best. After 120 freeze-thaw cycles, the loss rate of compressive strength is 18% lower than that of NC.
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Keywords:
- rice husk ash /
- chloride environment /
- freeze-thaw cycle /
- volcanic ash effect /
- microstructure
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图 2 10%橡胶掺量的稻壳灰橡胶混凝土(RRC)冻融循环表观现象
Figure 2. Rice husk ash rubber concrete (RRC) freezing-thawing cycle appearance with 10% rubber content
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图 3 RRC试块冻融循环次数与质量损失率的关系
Figure 3. Relationship between freeze-thaw cycles and mass loss rate of RRC test block
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图 4 RRC试块冻融循环次数与相对动弹性模量的关系
Figure 4. Relationship between the number of freeze-thaw cycles and the relative dynamic elastic modulus of RRC test block
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图 5 RRC试块冻融循环次数与相对抗压强度的关系
Figure 5. Relationship between the number of freeze-thaw cycles and compressive strength of RRC test block
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图 6 RRC试块冻融循环后相对弹性模量与相对抗压强度的拟合关系
Figure 6. Fitting relationship between relative elastic modulus and compressive strength of RRC test block after freeze-thaw cycle
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图 8 120次冻融循环后B0组RC和B2组RRC的微观形貌
CH—Calcium hydroxide; C-S-H—Calcium silicate hydrate
Figure 8. Microstructure of B0 group RC and B2 group RRC after 120 freeze-thaw cycles
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图 9 120次冻融循环后B2组RRC的微观形貌
Figure 9. Microstructure of B2 group RRC after 120 freeze-thaw cycles
表 1 稻壳灰化学成分
Table 1 Chemical constituents of rice husk ash
Composition SiO2 K2O CaO Fe2O3 MgO Content/wt% 85.6 2.51 2.44 0.56 0.51 
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表 2 试验配合比
Table 2 Test mixture ratio
kg/m3 Mix Notation Water Cement Sand Gravel Rice-husk-ash Rubber Water reduce C NC 180 450 560 1210 0 0 4 A0 5%R/NC 180 450 479.04 1210 0 22.5 4 A1 5%RHA-5%R/NC 180 427.5 479.04 1210 22.5 22.5 4 A2 10%RHA-5%R/NC 180 405 479.04 1210 45 22.5 4 A3 15%RHA-5%R/NC 193.5 382.5 479.04 1210 67.5 22.5 4 A4 20%RHA-5%R/NC 207 360 479.04 1210 90 22.5 4 B0 10%R/NC 180 450 398.10 1210 0 45 4 B1 5%RHA-10%R/NC 180 427.5 398.10 1210 22.5 45 4 B2 10%RHA-10%R/NC 180 405 398.10 1210 45 45 4 B3 15%RHA-10%R/NC 193.5 382.5 398.10 1210 67.5 45 4 B4 20%RHA-10%R/NC 207 360 398.10 1210 90 45 4 Notes: NC—Normal concrete; RHA—Rice-husk-ash concrete; R—Rubber; In iRHA-jR/NC, i represents the mass fraction of rice husk ash to cementitious material, j represents the mass ratio of rubber to cemetitious material.
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表 3 混凝土性能测试结果
Table 3 Test results of concrete performance
Mix Slump/mm 28 days apparent density/(kg·m−3) 28 days tensile strength/MPa 28 days compressive strength/MPa C 172 2.476 4.21 46.68 A0 190 2.445 3.93 40.35 A1 185 2.435 4.32 47.43 A2 180 2.422 4.71 49.92 A3 187 2.356 4.08 41.02 A4 185 2.316 3.72 36.03 B0 210 2.397 3.11 33.15 B1 205 2.369 4.05 36.51 B2 195 2.348 4.22 40.26 B3 200 2.330 3.83 34.57 B4 198 2.302 3.41 26.55
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表 4 RRC试块冻融循环后相对弹性模量Ed与相对抗压强度F的拟合结果
Table 4 Fitting results of relative elastic modulus Ed and compressive strength F of RRC test block after freezing-thawing cycle
Concrete number Fitting formula Correlation coefficient R2 C F=9.208×10−5e0.0831Ed+0.620 0.99 A0 F=−0.622+0.016Ed 0.98 A1 F=−0.574+0.016Ed 0.95 A2 F=−0.763+0.018Ed 0.97 A3 F=−0.682+0.017Ed 0.98 A4 F=−1.085+0.021Ed 0.97 B0 F=3.885×10−5e0.089Ed+0.725 0.92 B1 F=4.886×10−13e0.270Ed+0.755 0.98 B2 F=2.865×10−9e0.180Ed+0.818 0.98 B3 F=3.670×10−3e0.047Ed+0.584 0.95 B4 F=8.276×10−4e0.0605Ed+0.646 0.95
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