Abstract: The superhydrophobic phenomenon in nature has attracted more attention due to its unique wettability. It is urgent that the preparation and application of superhydrophobic coating. Cerium dioxide (CeO₂) was in situ synthesized on the surface of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) by co-precipitation method using cerium nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O), following modified by octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) and the coating was constructed by spraying method. It investigated the effects of different mass ratios of CNFs, Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O, and OTMS on coating morphology and hydrophobicity. The results show that the coatings consisting of CNFs, and Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O with the mass ratios of 1∶5 and 1∶7 can construct the micro/nanostructure contributing to achieving superhydrophobic properties. When the mass ratios of CNFs, Ce(NO₃)₃·6H₂O, and OTMS is 1∶5∶10, the coating static contact angle is (159.7±1.1)° and the sliding angle is (5.7±1.8)°. Its static contact angle can remain greater than 150° after the 150°C heating for 3 h and UV illumination for 36 h, meanwhile, possesses excellent pH stability and certain mecha-nical durability. When applied to glass, paper, wood, sponge, and other substrates, superhydrophobic surfaces can be constructed with excellent self-cleaning performance. The UV transmittance of superhydrophobic glass coating to UV-A and UV-B is 12.6% and 0.1%, respectively. The oil absorption efficiency of the superhydrophobic sponge is about 94%. This superhydrophobic coating is expected to use as a protective material and extends the application of rare earth metal oxidate in the cellulose-based superhydrophobic coating field.