Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) cables can replace steel cables due to their lightweight, high strength, and excellent corrosion and fatigue resistance to meet the needs of larger spans and harsher service environments for bridges. However, the poor resistance of the low-speed impact of CFRP cable makes it threatened by the impact from vehicles and falling rocks during its service life. In order to fully understand the impact performance of CFRP and promote the application of CFRP cables in engineering structures, this paper summarized the impact research status of CFRP and its cables, including the basic dynamic mechanical properties, impact response, and damage failure mechanism. The results show that CFRP has strain rate sensitivity, but the strain rate effect of CFRP is still unclear, and a mechanical property database covering the full strain rate range needs to be established. The research on the impact resistance of CFRP laminates is relatively comprehensive. However, the differences in cross-section form, large slenderness ratio, axial stress coupling, and other factors make the research conclusion of CFRP laminates not fully applicable to CFRP cables. Furthermore, current research mainly discusses the influence of impact energy, anchorage length, and temperature on the impact resistance of small tonnage CFRP cables, but the research on the impact resistance and damage failure mechanism of large tonnage CFRP cables is rarely reported. When the CFRP cable breaks under the impact of the vehicle, the peak force is much lower than its axial tensile braking force, and a strict anti-collision design should be carried out for the CFRP cable.