Abstract: "One generation of new materials, one generation of new equipment" illustrates the importance of material technology in the development of equipment. The development history of aviation equipment shows that the research and development of a new equipment is always supported by a new generation of materials, and the development of a new generation of equipment leads the application of a new generation of materials. That is to say the different aviation equipment uses different structural materials. The fourth-generation aircraft had a very marked difference with the third-generation aircraft on the usage of structural materials. The advanced composites are widely used for structural materials in the fourth-generation aircraft. In this article, the development process and current situation of domestic aviation composite technology is reviewed. The opportunities and challenges of the advanced composite technology are introduced. The significant future trends of domestic advanced composite technology are also proposed.