Abstract: Metal nanoparticles show great application on prospect in catalysis, bacteriostasis, water pollution treatment and biomedicine, because of their unique physical and chemical properties. Metal nanoparticles tend to agglomerate in the processes of preparation and use. Therefore, improving the stability of nanoparticles is of great significance to improve their application performance. In this study, porous polyacrylonitrile nanofibers (PPAN NFs) were prepared by electrostatic spinning using polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as substrate and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the pore-making agent. On this basis, Ag-PPAN NFs and Cu-PPAN NFs were prepared by in-situ loading of silver and copper nanoparticles on the surface of PPAN NFs by impregnation deposition. The morphologies and structures of the prepared nanofibers were characterized by FESEM, EDS and XRD, and the antibacterial properties of Ag-PPAN NFs and Cu-PPAN NFs against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans were studied by bacteriostatic zone method and FESEM observation. The results show that PPAN NFs provide a rich mesoporous structure for loading of Ag NPs and Cu NPs and inhibited the aggregation of nanoparticles. The prepared Ag-PPAN NFs and Cu-PPAN NFs show good antibacterial activities against E. coli, S. aureus and C. albicans, and which could be used as a new kind of antibacterial fiber material.