Abstract: Thermosetting polyimide resin matrix composites have been widely used in aerospace industry, but the heat resistance of traditional organic polyimide matrix resins is gradually insufficient to satisfy the design and application requirement of the aircrafts, with the development of aerospace technology. Therefore, novel organic/inorganic hybrid polyimides resistant to higher temperature have become the focus of research. In this paper, the recent progress of organic/inorganic hybrid polyimide matrix resins was summarized. The synthetic pathway, structure design, performance control, curing process and degradation behavior of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-containing polyimide, carborane-containing polyimide and siloxane-containing polyimide were reviewed, providing a detailed description of the characteristics and thermo-resistant mechanism of the organic/inorganic hybrid polyimide resins. The challenges and opportunities for the future development of organic/inorganic hybrid polyimide resins were also discussed and analyzed.