Abstract: Since the discovery of antibiotics, they have been widely used in the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections because they can hinder the growth of bacteria. However, the abuse of antibiotics in animal husbandry and agriculture leads to antibiotic pollution, which greatly threatens the safety of water sources, increases bacterial drug resistance, and brings great harm to the environment and human health. For these reasons, the detection of antibiotics has attracted extensive attention in recent years. Based on the electrochemical activity of most antibiotics, nano-modified-electrode can improve the sensitivity of electrochemical sensor by enhancing the electrochemical oxidation or reduction reaction of antibiotics in electrolyte. Various electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics are described in detail in this paper, as well as their properties. Finally, the challenges and development prospects of nanomaterial electrochemical sensors in antibiotic detection are discussed.