Abstract: Advanced resin matrix composite technology is an important basic support for the design and manufacture of lightweight structural system of aerospace shuttle vehicles. Firstly, the type and properties of advanced resin matrix composites used in foreign aerospace vehicles, the manufacturing technology, application and development of typical lightweight composite structure were described. And then the vehicular composite structures manufacture and application in major countries were introduced, including the composite application of “X Series” vehicles in USA and HOPE-X vehicles in Japan. Finally, the technical development trend of aircraft composite structure was introduced.