Abstract: In order to study the effects of different temperatures, different polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber contents by volume and different strain rates on the dynamic compressive properties of engineered fiber reinforced cementitious composite (PVA/ECC), impact compression tests were conducted on PVA/ECC after the high-temperature and water-cooled by using a 50 mm diameter split Hopkinson compression bar (SHPB). The results show that when the temperature is greater than or equal to 250℃, the integrity of PVA/ECC specimens becomes worse after impact damage and the stress-strain curves tend to be flatter. The dynamic peak strain doesn’t increase obviously but the dynamic peak stress and impact toughness decrease remarkably. Furthermore, the deterioration effect of high temperature on the dynamic peak stress and impact toughness of PVA/ECC with larger fiber contents by volume is more obvious. When the temperature is less than or equal to 150℃, the dynamic peak stress, peak strain and impact toughness of PVA/ECC improve significantly with increasing the PVA fiber contents by volume. When the temperature is greater than or equal to 250 ℃, the dynamic peak strain increases with increasing the PVA fiber contents by volume, but the improvement extent of impact toughness reduces significantly and the dynamic peak stress decreases. PVA/ECC still has a significant strain rate effect after the high temperature and water-cooled. While when the temperature is greater than or equal to 150 ℃, the strain rate sensitivity of compressive strength reduces.