Abstract: There are many advantages in cellulose such as extensive sources, recyclability, good biocompatibility, etc. However, it is difficult to be used individually because of poor thermoplastic properties, excessive hydrophilicity and insufficient mechanical strength. The research progress of cellulose modification at home and abroad are discussed and analyzed from plasticization modification, hydrophobic modification and reinforcement modification of cellulose materials, as well as research focus and development direction of cellulose-based materials are prospected in future.