Creep rupture time and damage mechanisms of a plain woven SiCf/SiC composite at intermediate temperature
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摘要: 碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料(SiCf/SiC)是制造下一代航空发动机热结构件的关键材料，中等温度(~800℃)下，SiCf/SiC的蠕变断裂时间tu显著下降。为此，研究了平纹编织SiCf/SiC (2D-SiCf/SiC)在空气中500~1000℃的蠕变性能及损伤机制，应力水平为100~160 MPa。利用SEM、TEM和EDS分析了断口形貌、微观组织和化学成分。结果表明：2D-SiCf/SiC的tu与温度和应力水平有关。相同温度下，2D-SiCf/SiC的tu随着应力增加而变短。当温度为800℃、蠕变应力大于基体开裂应力(PLS)时，2D-SiCf/SiC发生中温脆化现象，其tu下降。2D-SiCf/SiC的中温脆化机制为基体开裂、BN界面氧化和SiO2替代BN界面导致的强界面/基体结合。2D-SiCf/SiC的tu与应力在对数坐标下呈线性关系，且在过渡应力时发生线性转变，过渡应力与PLS一致。提高PLS能够有效提高SiCf/SiC的tu。
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关键词:
- SiCf/SiC复合材料 /
- 蠕变断裂时间 /
- BN界面 /
- 氧化 /
- 损伤机制
Abstract: Silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide composites (SiCf/SiC) have great potential to be used in the thermal structure of next-generation aero-engines. The creep rupture time tu of SiCf/SiC significantly reduced at intermediate temperatures (~800℃). Therefore, this paper investigated the creep rupture behaviors of a plain weave SiCf/SiC (2D-SiCf/SiC) at 500℃, 800℃ and 1000℃ with stresses of 100 MPa to 160 MPa in air. The morphology, microstructure and compositions of the crept specimens were observed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and an energy dispersive analysis system. The results show that the tu of 2D-SiCf/SiC is closely related to the applied temperatures and stresses. At the same temperature, tu decreases with the increasing stresses at constant temperatures. When the temperature is 800℃ and the stress is greater than the proportional limit stress (PLS), embrittlement takes place for the 2D-SiCf/SiC, which means the tu and the total creep strain are much shorter than those at 500℃ and 1000℃. The embrittlement mechanisms involve matrix cracking, oxidization of BN and formation of strong fiber/matrix interphase bonding by the filling of SiO2, as well as for the 2D-SiCf/SiC at intermediate temperatures. tu vs. the applied stress follows linear relationship in logarithmic axis, whose transition appears when the applied stress equals to PLS.-
Keywords:
- SiCf/SiC composites /
- creep rupture time /
- BN interphase /
- oxidation /
- damage mechanisms
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图 1 平纹编织碳化硅纤维增强碳化硅复合材料(2D-SiCf/SiC)的拉伸和蠕变试样尺寸与形状
Figure 1. Dimensions and shape of the tensile and creep testing of plain weave silicon carbide fiber reinforced silicon carbide composites (2D-SiCf/SiC)
R—Transitional radius
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图 2 2D-SiC/SiC的室温拉伸应力-应变曲线
Figure 2. Tensile stress-strain curves of 2D-SiCf/SiC at room temperatures
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图 3 2D-SiCf/SiC在120 MPa不同温度条件下的蠕变曲线
Figure 3. Creep curves at 120 MPa under different temperatures for 2D-SiCf/SiC composite
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图 4 2D-SiCf/SiC在800℃的应力-蠕变断裂时间曲线
Figure 4. Stress-creep rupture time curves of 2D-SiCf/SiC at 800℃
CVI—Chemical vapor infiltration; MI—Melt infiltration
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图 5 2D-SiCf/SiC试样的蠕变断口SEM图像：(a) 500℃/120 MPa，蠕变断裂时间tu=490 h；(b) 800℃/120 MPa，tu=22 h；(c) 1000℃/120 MPa，tu=33 h
Figure 5. SEM images of fracture surface of 2D-SiCf/SiC specimen: (a) 500℃/120 MPa, creep rupture time tu=490 h; (b) 800℃/120 MPa, tu=22 h; (c) 1000℃/120 MPa, tu=33 h
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图 6 蠕变应力为120 MPa时，不同蠕变温度下2D-SiCf/SiC试样断口氧化区的SEM图像：(a) 500℃；(b) 800℃及区域孔洞放大照片；(c) 1000℃
Figure 6. SEM images of the oxidation zones of 2D-SiCf/SiC crept at different temperatures with stress of 120 MPa: (a) 500℃; (b) 800℃ and enlarged image of the voids; (c) 1000℃
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图 7 原始2D-SiCf/SiC的界面TEM图像
Figure 7. TEM image of the interface of the as-received 2D-SiCf/SiC
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图 8 2D-SiCf/SiC在800℃/120 MPa蠕变断裂后氧化区的界面TEM图像和成分分布：(a) TEM；(b) N、Si、O和C元素的EDS图像
Figure 8. TEM and EDS images of the interface of the embrittlement area for the 2D-SiCf/SiC crept at 800℃/120 MPa: (a) TEM image; (b) EDS images showing the distribution of element N, Si, O and C
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图 9 SiCf/SiC复合材料应力-
蠕变断裂时间图 Figure 9. Stress-
creep rupture time diagram of the SiCf/SiC composites 表 1 2D-SiCf/SiC的中温蠕变性能
Table 1 Creep properties of 2D-SiCf/SiC at intermediate temperature
Temperature/
℃Stress/
MPaRupture
time/hSteady-state creep
strain rate/s−1500 110 500+ 4.0×10−10 120 490 7.1×10−10 160 64 1.4×10−8 800 100 145+ 1.2×10−9 110 24 3.9×10−9 120 22 5.4×10−9 120 10 9.0×10−9 120 8 7.3×10−9 160 4 7.9×10−9 160 6 9.1×10−9 1000 100 195+ 9.1×10−10 110 119 5.3×10−9 120 33 1.7×10−8 
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