Abstract: High-performance cement-based composites (HPCC) is a prospecting material in the construction field. Because of its high strength and increased toughness, the material has excellent applications prospects in the future. High-strength steel fibers are usually incorporated in HPCC with proper mixing ratios. Four kinds of HPCC with varying fibers volume fractions (0.0vol%, 0.5vol%, 1.0vol%, 2.0vol%) were designed and fabricated to study the combined compression-shear performances of HPCC. Firstly, the Mohr-Coulomb-based model of compression-shear strength of HPCC was proposed and verified based on the experimental data. The results demonstrate that the fiber content has little effect on the friction coefficient of the compression-shear interface of HPCC, with an average value of 2.8826, and the friction coefficients of HPCC with different fiber contents varies from –1.44% to 8.51% compared with the average values. The cohesion stress exhibits a quadratic parabola relationship with the volume content of steel fiber. However, the peak displacement of HPCC under compression-shear loads increases at first and then decreases with the increasing content of steel fibers. Secondly, the SEM morphology of the failure interface of HPCC was analyzed, and the microscopic mechanism of the influence of steel fiber on the HPCC matrix was studied. The SEM morphology images explain the microscopic mechanism of the deterioration of compressive shear strength and variation of shear displacement. In the end, the Ottosen-based failure criterion of HPCC was proposed by combining the experimental results and the research data from the existing literature. And the specific fitting parameters were also presented, which predicts that the octahedral shear stress of HPCC is higher than that of the ordinary concrete. The experimental data are in good agreement with the theoretical analysis results, which can reflect the failure envelope characteristics of HPCC. The experimental data are in good agreement with the regression results, which could reflect the characteristics of the failure envelope of HPCC.