Abstract: Ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based composites are ideal materials for lightweight structural parts. However, as the content of the ceramic reinforcement phase increases, the toughness of the composites will decrease, resulting in a decrease in the safety of the composites during service. Therefore, how to achieve the matching of high strength and toughness of composite materials is a problem that has always existed in the preparation of ceramic reinforced aluminum matrix composites. According to the idea of bionics, the nacre-inspired TiB₂/Al-Cu composites with different ceramic initial solid contents (20vol%, 30vol%, 40vol%) were successfully prepared by freezing casting and pressure infiltration. The microstructures and mechanical properties of nacre-inspired TiB₂/Al-Cu composites were studied by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mechanical testing. The experimental results show that with the increase of the initial solid content of the ceramic, the thickness of the ceramic sheet in the composite material increases, while the thickness of the metal sheet layer decreases. The compressive strength of the composite material is improved, but the bending strength and fracture toughness decrease. The nacre-inspired TiB₂/Al-Cu composites with 20vol% ceramic initial solid content has the better fracture toughness, reaching (20.59±1.5) MPa·m^1/2. The nacre-inspired TiB₂/Al-Cu composites with 40vol% ceramic initial solid content has the better compressive strength, reaching (670±20) MPa. This is mainly because as the initial solid content of the ceramic in the composite material increases, the nacre-inspired composite material are more prone to interface delamination, the toughening effect of the layered composite material through alloy plastic deformation is weakened. At the same time, the toughening effect of crack deflection, interface peeling, and crack branching is reduced.