Abstract: The MXene is a group of newly emerging two-dimensional carbide/nitride layered materials, which is usually produced by selectively etching the A atomic layer from the MAX phase of the precursor. Due to its special microstructure as well as outstanding physical and chemical properties, it can be used for the construction of membranes separation material and gradually exhibits good application prospects in the fields of wastewater treatment and desalination. However, it has been limited to apply MXene in the process of actual water treatment. For example, MXene membranes are prone to swell in aqueous solution. The antifouling property of membrane should be improved and the separation mechanism of MXene membrane is not yet clear. This article summarized the preparation and modification methods of MXene nanosheets and two-dimensional MXene membrane materials as well as their latest reports of the application in water treatment. In addition, the separation mechanism of MXene membrane for pollutants from wastewater was proposed. The current urgent problems, solutions and the development of MXene membrane in the future were also prospected. This article has guiding significance for design and application of high-performance MXene based membrane material.