Abstract: Based on the transient dynamics theory and genetic optimization algorithm, the layup sequence of composite gas cylinder was optimized with the optimization goal of improving the resistance to impact damage. The genetic algorithm was realized by MATLAB software, and the impact damage analysis of composite gas cylinders was carried out by ANSYS. Through the information transmission between the two software, the optimized process was realized. Taking an aluminum-lined composite gas cylinder as an example for optimization, the results show that under the same impact energy, the matrix rupture area and the number of matrix rupture layers of optimized gas cylinder are greatly reduced, and the remaining burst pressure is significantly increased. When the impact energy is 60 J, the rupture matrix area on the surface reduces 8.8%, the number of rupture layers in the matrix reduces 14.3%, and the remaining burst pressure value increases 9.6%. The optimization algorithm established in this paper can be used to optimize the design of composite gas cylinders.