Abstract: In order to satisfy the requirement of high-temperature resistant wave-transparent composite in project field, a quartz fiber (QF) reinforced novel silicon-containing polyarylacetylene (PSA) resin based composite (QF/PSA) was researched and characterized. Firstly, viscosity prediction model of different temperature and time was established based on the viscosity-time curves of the resin, the model indicates that the resin can be injected between 70~100℃ for resin transfer molding (RTM) process. The curing heat, FT-IR spectra and rheological behavior of the resin were analysized, then the curing temperature and process were revealed. The results show that the resin can be curved at 250℃. Based on the above research, the high-quality preparation of the composite was achieved. Furthermore, the micro-morphology, mechanical properties, thermal expansion performance, dielectric properties as well as high temperature resistant performance of the composite were investigated and verified by experiments. The composite exhibits excellent thermal stability with T_g above 500℃ and T5% up to 625℃, and quartz lamp experiment further indicates that the high temperature resistant ability is up to 520℃/1000 s. The dielectric constant is 3.1~3.2 and dielectric loss is less than 0.003. In addition, the mechanical property is enough for functional composite. The above research indicates that the novel silicon-containing polyarylacetylene resin based wave-transparent composite has high potentials in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics.