Numerical simulation of spherical fragment penetrating UHMWPE soft body armor based on ABAQUS
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摘要: 为准确模拟破片侵彻防弹衣的过程，揭示破片与软质防弹衣相互作用机制，本文基于ABAQUS用户子程序VUMAT编写了适用于模拟软质防弹衣材料力学性能的本构模型，建立了球形破片侵彻软质防弹衣的有限元模型，数值模拟结果与实验吻合较好。本构模型中材料失效模式数据表明，无纬布主要发生纤维拉伸、基体拉伸和压缩失效；在钢球侵彻防弹衣的初期，无纬布上的应力云图一般呈现较规则的圆形或椭圆形，然后再慢慢向四周扩散；钢球侵彻软质防弹衣的过程中伴随有较明显的纤维层间分层失效，未穿透的纤维层中也出现了分层的现象，分层面积从迎弹面到背弹面先减小后增大再减小。
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关键词:
- 超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE) /
- 球形破片 /
- VUMAT /
- 侵彻 /
- 防弹衣
Abstract: To accurately simulate the process of fragment penetrating bulletproof vests and reveal the interaction mechanism, a constitutive model suitable for simulating the mechanical properties of soft bulletproof vests was developed based on the user subroutine VUMAT of ABAQUS, and the finite element model of spherical fragment penetrating soft bulletproof vest was established. The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The material failure mode data in the constitutive model show that the unidirectional fiber cloth mainly fails in fiber tension, matrix tension and compression. In the initial stage of steel sphere penetrating bullet proof vest, the stress contours on the unidirectional fiber cloth generally present a regular circle or ellipse, and then slowly diffuse around. In the penetrating process, there is obvious fiber delamination failure. Moreover, the delamination phenomenon also appears in the fiber layer which is not pierced. The delamination area decreases first, then increases, and then decreases from the attack surface to the back surface. -
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图 1 Cohesive单元双线性本构模型
Figure 1. Bilinear constitutive model of cohesive element
δ0m—Equivalent displacement at the beginning of damage; δfm—Equivalent displacement corresponding to complete damage; GC—Equivalent fracture toughness
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图 4 数值仿真和试验中钢球的最终形态对比
Figure 4. Comparison of final shape of steel sphere in numerical simulation and experiment
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图 5 数值仿真中钢球不同材料模型对比
Figure 5. Comparison of different material models of steel sphere in numerical simulation
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图 7 超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE)软质防弹衣网格模型
Figure 7. Finite element mesh of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) soft bulletproof vest
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图 8 不同侵彻速度下UHMWPE防弹衣穿透层数的试验和仿真结果对比
Figure 8. Comparison of the computed and the experimentally observed number of UHMWPE bulletproof vest failure layers at different impact velocities
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图 9 实验和仿真中UHMWPE防弹衣的破口情况对比
Figure 9. Comparison of the breach of UHMWPE bulletproof vest in experiment and simulation
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图 10 钢球速度变化曲线
Figure 10. Time history of the computed residual velocity for the steel sphere
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图 11 入射速度为540 m/s时损伤状态变化过程
Figure 11. Change process of damage state for impact velocity of 540 m/s
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图 12 UHMWPE防弹衣中基体拉伸和压缩损伤
Figure 12. Tensile and compression damage of matrix in UHMWPE bulletproof vest
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图 13 侵彻速度为540 m/s时，第1层UHMWPE无纬布等效应力分布
Figure 13. Equivalent stress distribution of the first layer UHMWPE unidirectional fiber cloth for impact velocity of 540 m/s
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图 15 侵彻速度为540 m/s时第46层UHMWPE无纬布等效应力分布
Figure 15. Equivalent stress distribution of the 46th layer UHMWPE unidirectional fiber cloth for impact velocity of 540 m/s
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图 14 侵彻速度为540 m/s时第23层UHMWPE无纬布等效应力分布
Figure 14. Equivalent stress distribution of the 23rd layer UHMWPE unidirectional fiber cloth for impact velocity of 540 m/s
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图 17 侵彻速度540 m/s时UHMWPE防弹衣沿侵彻方向下的分层面积
Figure 17. Delamination area of UHMWPE bulletproof vest along penetration direction for impact velocity of 540 m/s
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图 16 侵彻速度为540 m/s、时间为35 μs时，UHMWPE防弹衣各层Cohesive单元等效应力分布
Figure 16. Contours of equivalent stress in each layer of the cohesive elements of UHMWPE bulletproof vest for impact velocity 540 m/s at 35 μs
表 1 钢球材料参数
Table 1 Material parameters of steel sphere
Material ρ/(g·cm−3) E/GPa ν Steel 7.83 211 0.27 Notes: ρ—Density; E—Elastic modulus; ν—Poisson's ratio. 
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表 2 UHMWPE软质防弹衣材料参数[6]
Table 2 Material parameters of UHMWPE soft bulletproof vest
Model parameter ρ/(g·cm−3) E1/GPa E2/GPa E3/GPa v12 v13 v23 0.97 80 30 20 0.18 0.18 0.11 Model parameter G12/GPa G23/GPa G13/GPa XC/MPa XT/MPa YC/MPa YT/MPa 20 10 20 4500 4500 700 700 Model parameter ZC/MPa ZT/MPa S12/MPa S23/MPa S13/MPa 700 700 400 400 400 Notes: E1, E2, E3—Elastic modulus in x, y, and z directions, respectively; v12, v13, v23—Poisson's ratios; G12, G23, G13—Shear modulus; XC, XT, YC, YT, ZC, ZT—Compressive and tensile strengths in x, y, z directions; S12, S23, S13—Shear strengths.
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表 3 内聚力单元材料参数[29]
Table 3 Material parameters of cohesive element
Model parameter ρ/(g·cm−3) En/MPa Gs/MPa σn/MPa σs/MPa GⅠ C/(J·m−2) GⅡ C/(J·m−2) GⅢ C/(J·m−2) 2 9700 6500 55 120 280 495 495 Notes：En—Elastic modulus; Gs—Shear modulus; σn, σs—Normal and tangential strengths; GⅠ C, GⅡ C, GⅢ C—Critical energy release rates in mode I, mode II and mode III.
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表 4 实验和数值仿真中UHMWPE软防护破坏层数对比(钢球着靶速度区间为617~650 m/s)
Table 4 Comparison of the computed and the experimentally observed number of UHMWPE soft bulletproof vest failure layers(Impact velocity of steel sphere is 617-650 m/s)
Impact velocity/(m·s−1) Coordinates of impact point/cm Number of penetrating layers Experimental value 1 650 (17,16.5) 43 Experimental value 2 643 (15,15.5) 41 Experimental value 3 619 (14,16.5) 42 Experimental value 4 648 (14.5,16) 41 Experimental value 5 617 (14,15.5) 39 Experimental value 6 632 (14,15.5) 40 Simulation value 630 (15,15) 40 Note: Take the sitting corner of the front of the body armor as the origin of the coordinates.
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表 5 实验和数值仿真中UHMWPE软防护破坏层数对比(钢球着靶速度区间为515~588 m/s)
Table 5 Comparison of the computed and the experimentally observed number of UHMWPE soft bulletproof vest failure layers(Impact velocity of steel sphere is 515-588 m/s)
Impact velocity/(m·s−1) Coordinates of impact point/cm Number of penetrating layers Experimental value 1 588 (16.5,16.5) 36 Experimental value 2 575 (17,15.5) 33 Experimental value 3 519 (17,15.5) 31 Experimental value 4 520 (17,16.5) 29 Experimental value 5 518 (17,15.5) 26 Experimental value 6 515 (16.5,16.5) 28 Simulation value 540 (15,15) 33 Note: Take the sitting corner of the front of the body armor as the origin of the coordinates.
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