Abstract: The deformation of fiber under the action of thermal mechanical parameters is caused by the differences of thermal expansion coefficient between the epoxy resin matrix and carbon fiber, and the stress concentration at the contact of fiber and matrix. Thermal residual stress is experienced in the product material during the laying process of carbon fiber/epoxy resin prepreg composites. Due to the structural characteristics of the carbon fiber/epoxy resin prepreg composite, the micro representative volume element (RVE) finite element model of the carbon fiber/epoxy resin prepreg composite with interface phase was established by using ABAQUS finite element software. The distribution rule and influence mechanism of the residual stress of the prepreg caused by temperature and pressure parameters were investigated by use of theoretical research and finite element simulation analysis. First, the temperature and pressure models of the prepreg were established to study the distribution of the residual stress of the products under different temperatures and pressure parameters. Second, the indirect coupling temperature reduction method was applied to simulate the change of residual stress of carbon fiber/epoxy resin prepreg with fiber volume content. Pressure, temperature and the microstructure of the product were analyzed by electron microscopy scanning. The basic influence rules of each factor on the residual stress of the products were thus obtained through analysis and comparison of the simulation results. In conclusion, the influences of different underlying parameters such as temperature and pressure on the residual stress of the prepreg were then tested.