Abstract: With the acceleration of urbanization, the massive discharge of industrial wastewater and domestic sewage containing refractory organic pollutants has entered into waterbodies due to unreasonable disposal, which poses a serious threat to the water environment quality. Transition-metal ions mediated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation has been extensively studied as their ability to produce various active oxygen species for contaminants removal in water. However, the accompanied problems of secondary pollution and difficulty in catalyst recovery has limited their practical application. MoS₂, an excellent two-dimensional semiconductor material of industrial production, has been widely used in energy conversion and catalysis area. In water treatment, MoS₂ materials have been reported as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for PMS activation to degrade refractory organic pollutants. This review summarized recent studies concerning MoS₂-catalyzed PMS activation for organic pollutants removal in aqueous solution. The catalysis efficiencies of PMS activation mediated by MoS₂, MoS₂/metal ions and MoS₂ supported materials were comparatively described, the relevant mechanisms were discussed and the development prospect of the current research were expected briefly.