热塑性聚氨酯弹性体对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯基阻燃复合材料性能的影响

徐建林; 安静; 康成虎; 樊继良; 李承嗣

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20201117.002

热塑性聚氨酯弹性体对聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯基阻燃复合材料性能的影响

徐建林^{1, 2, ,},
安静^{1, 2,},
康成虎^{1, 2,},
樊继良^{1, 2,},
李承嗣^{1, 2,}

1.
兰州理工大学　材料科学与工程学院，兰州 730050
2.
兰州理工大学　省部共建有色金属先进加工与再利用国家重点实验室，兰州 730050

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(51761025)

详细信息

通讯作者:
徐建林，工学博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为材料制备、微结构与性能　E-mail：ggdjlxu@sina.com

中图分类号: TB332
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-08-23
- 录用日期: 2020-10-26
- 网络出版日期: 2020-11-16
- 刊出日期: 2021-08-14

Effect of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer on the properties of polybutylene terephthalate matrix flame retardant composites

XU Jianlin^{1, 2, ,},
AN Jing^{1, 2,},
KANG Chenghu^{1, 2,},
FAN Jiliang^{1, 2,},
LI Chengsi^{1, 2,}

1.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
2.
State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metals, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China

摘要

摘要: 以溴化聚苯乙烯(BPS)为阻燃剂，Sb₂O₃纳米颗粒(nano-Sb₂O₃)为协效阻燃剂，聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)为基体，热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)为增韧组分，采用球磨分散和熔融共混的方法制备出TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT阻燃复合材料。通过DSC、拉伸、冲击和极限氧指数(LOI)等性能测试，研究了TPU质量分数对TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT阻燃复合材料力学性能与阻燃性能的影响。研究结果表明：TPU的加入可改善TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT阻燃复合材料的韧性；随着TPU质量分数的增加，TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT阻燃复合材料的缺口冲击强度上升，当TPU质量分数为9wt%时，其冲击强度相比于纯PBT提高了137%，断裂伸长率相比于纯PBT提高了340%，但该复合材料的拉伸强度有所下降。当TPU质量分数为3wt%时，该复合材料的拉伸强度大于纯PBT，冲击强度相比于纯PBT提高了52%，同时达到了难燃等级。此时，TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT阻燃复合材料表现出优异的综合性能。
- 聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯 /
- Sb₂O₃ /
- 热塑性聚氨酯弹性体 /
- 复合材料 /
- 增韧
Abstract: Using brominated polystyrene (BPS) as flame retardant, Sb₂O₃nanoparticles (nano-Sb₂O₃) as synergistic flame retardant, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) as matrix and thermoplastic polyurethane elasticity (TPU) as a toughening component, TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT flame retardant composites were obtained by ball milling dispersion and melt-mixing methods. The mechanical and flame retardant properties of the TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT composites were studied by DSC, tensile, impact and limiting oxygen index (LOI) test. The results show that the TPU can enhance the toughness of the TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT flame retardant composites. With increasing of the mass fraction of TPU, the notched impact strength of the TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT flame retardant composites increases. Furthermore, when the mass fraction of TPU is 9wt%, its impact strength increases by 137% and the elongation at break increases by 340% compared with those of pure PBT, but its tensile strength decreases. The tensile strength of the composites is greater than that of pure PBT when the mass fraction of TPU is 3wt%, which its impact strength is 52% higher than that of the pure PBT. The TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT flame retardant composites reach flame-resistant grade and the composites show superior comprehensive performance.
- polybutylene terephthalate /
- Sb₂O₃ /
- thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer /
- composites /
- toughening

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图 1 TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT阻燃复合材料的DSC结晶曲线与DSC熔融曲线

Figure 1. DSC crystallization curves and melting curves of TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT flame retardant composites

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图 2 TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT阻燃复合材料结晶过程示意图及其微观结构

Figure 2. Schematic diagram of TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT flame retardant composites crystallization process and its microstructure

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图 3 TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT阻燃复合材料的拉伸强度与断裂伸长率

Figure 3. Tensile strength and elongation at break of TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT flame retardant composites

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图 4 PBT及TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT阻燃复合材料拉伸断口SEM图像

Figure 4. SEM images of tensile fracture of PBT and TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT flame retardant composites

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图 5 TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT阻燃复合材料的冲击强度

Figure 5. Impact strength of nTPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT flame retardant composites

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图 6 PBT及TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT阻燃复合材料冲击断面SEM图像

Figure 6. SEM images of fracture morphology of PBT and TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT flame retardant composites

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表 1 热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU)/Sb₂O₃纳米颗粒(nano-Sb₂O₃)-溴化聚苯乙烯(BPS)-聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)阻燃复合材料各组分的质量分数

Table 1 Mass fraction of each component of thermoplastic polyurethane elasticity (TPU)/Sb₂O₃nanoparticles (nano-Sb₂O₃)-brominated polystyrene (BPS)-polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) flame retardant composites wt%

Sample	Abbr.	Nano-Sb₂O₃	BPS	TPU	PBT
PBT	PBT	0	0	0	100
nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT	PT0	5	10	0	85
1%TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT	PT1	5	10	1	84
3%nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT	PT3	5	10	3	82
5%nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT	PT5	5	10	5	80
7%nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT	PT7	5	10	7	78
9%nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT	PT9	5	10	9	76

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表 2 TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT阻燃复合材料的结晶参数

Table 2 Crystallization parameters of TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT flame retardant composites

Sample	T_m/℃	ΔH_m/(J·g⁻¹)	T_c/℃	ΔT/℃	X_c/%
PT0	224.46	47.45	206.22	18.24	32.61
PT1	224.07	45.80	205.97	18.10	31.48
PT3	222.49	42.04	204.59	17.90	28.89
PT5	221.87	39.19	203.36	18.51	26.93
PT7	221.05	38.05	202.25	18.80	26.15
PT9	218.84	35.14	200.13	18.71	24.15
Notes: T_m—Melting temperature; T_c—Crystallization temperature; ΔH_m—Melting enthalpy; X_c—Crystallinity.

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表 3 PBT及TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT阻燃复合材料极限氧指数(LOI)值和UL94等级

Table 3 Limit oxygen index (LOI) value and UL94 rating of PBT and TPU/nano-Sb₂O₃-BPS-PBT flame retardant composites

	PBT	PT0	PT1	PT3	PT5	PT7	PT9
LOI/%	21.0	28.2	27.3	26.5	26.0	25.8	25.2
UL94	HB	V-0	V-0	V-0	V-0	V-0	V-0

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