基于响应曲面法的木塑复合材料强度分析及挤出工艺优化

孙宏雨; 吕兴聪; 袁纳新; 王清文; 郝笑龙; 孙理超

doi:10.13801/j.cnki.fhclxb.20200810.001

基于响应曲面法的木塑复合材料强度分析及挤出工艺优化

孙宏雨^1,,
吕兴聪^1,,
袁纳新¹,
王清文^{1, 3},
郝笑龙^{1, 3, ,},
孙理超^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
华南农业大学　材料与能源学院　生物基材料与能源教育部重点实验室，广州 510642
2.
东北林业大学　生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室，哈尔滨 154500
3.
岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室，广州 510642

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFD1101203)；生物质材料科学与技术教育部重点实验室(东北林业大学)开放基金项目(SWZ-ZD201905)；国家自然科学基金(31700494；31870547)；广州市教育局林业工程重点学科

详细信息

通讯作者:
郝笑龙，博士，讲师，研究方向为生物质复合材料等　E-mail：haoxiaolong@scau.edu.cn

孙理超，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为生物质复合材料等　E-mail：sunlichao@scau.edu.cn

中图分类号: TU532
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2020-06-07
- 录用日期: 2020-07-29
- 网络出版日期: 2020-08-09
- 刊出日期: 2021-06-22

Strength analysis and extrusion process optimization of wood-plastic composite by response surface method

SUN Hongyu^1,,
LV Xingcong^1,,
YUAN Naxin¹,
WANG Qingwen^{1, 3},
HAO Xiaolong^{1, 3, ,},
SUN Lichao^{1, 2, 3, ,}

1.
Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Bio-based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 154500, China
3.
Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China

摘要

摘要: 以杨木纤维(WF)为增强材料，以高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)为基体，马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)为偶联剂，采用熔融挤出法制备了WF/HDPE复合材料。选取WF含量、偶联剂添加量、挤出温度为自变量，试件的抗冲击强度、弯曲强度、拉伸强度为响应值，采用Box-Behnken Design方法设计实验并利用响应曲面法建立WF/HDPE复合材料力学强度的二次多项数学模型，对WF/HDPE复合材料的挤出工艺进行优化设计。结果表明，WF添加量、MAPE添加量和挤出温度的最佳水平为：47.37wt%、4.23wt%、173.69℃，此时WF/HDPE复合材料的抗冲击强度为4.06 kJ·m⁻²，弯曲强度为43.79 MPa，拉伸强度为28.59 MPa。模型预测值与实测值误差小于5%，较好地反映了WF/HDPE复合材料力学性能与挤出工艺因素间的关系。
- 木塑 /
- 拉伸性能 /
- 弯曲性能 /
- 抗冲击性能 /
- 响应曲面法
Abstract: WF/HDPE composites were prepared by melt extrusion with poplar fiber (WF) as reinforcing material, high density polyethylene (HDPE) as matrix and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (MAPE) as coupling agent. The addition amount of WF, the addition amount of coupling agent and the extrusion temperature were selected as independent variables, and the impact strength, bending strength and tensile strength of the specimen were selected as the response value. The experiment was designed by Box-Behnken Design method and the secondary mathematical model of mechanical strength of WF/HDPE composites was established by the response surface method to optimize the extrusion process of the composites. The results show that the optimum levels of WF addition, MAPE addition and extrusion temperature are 47.37wt%, 4.23wt% and 173.69℃, respectively. The corresponding impact strength, bending strength and tensile strength of WF/HDPE composite are 4.06 kJ·m⁻², 43.79 MPa and 28.59 MPa. The error between the predicted value of the model and the measured value is less than 5%, which well reflects the relationship between the mechanical properties and the factors of extrusion process of the WF/HDPE composites.
- wood plastic /
- tensile property /
- bending property /
- impact resistance /
- response surface method

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图 1 杨木纤维/高密度聚乙烯(WF/HDPE)复合材料的DSC曲线

Figure 1. DSC curves of poplar fiber/high density polyethylene (WF/HDPE) composites

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图 2 WF/HDPE复合材料的热重曲线

Figure 2. Thermo gravimetric curves of WF/HDPE composites

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图 3 WF/HDPE复合材料的黏度曲线

Figure 3. Viscosity curves of WF/HDPE composites

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图 4 WF/HDPE复合材料抗冲击强度实测值与方程预测值对应关系 (a)、残差的正态概率分布曲线 (b)、残差与方程预测值对应关系 (c)

Figure 4. Relationship between measured and predicted values of impact strength of WF/HDPE composites (a) , normal probability distribution curve of residuals (b) , correlation diagram of residual error and equation prediction value (c)

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图 5 各因素对WF/HDPE复合材料抗冲击强度的交互作用

Figure 5. Interaction of various factors on impact strength of WF/HDPE composites

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图 6 各因素对WF/HDPE复合材料弯曲强度的交互作用

Figure 6. Interaction of various factors on bending strength of WF/HDPE composites

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图 7 各因素对WF/HDPE复合材料拉伸强度的交互作用

Figure 7. Interaction of various factors on tensile strength of WF/HDPE composites

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表 1 响应曲面因素水平设计

Table 1 Response surface factor horizontal design

Level	Mass fraction of WF/wt%	Temperature/ ℃	Mass fraction of MAPE/wt%
−1	40	165	2
0	50	172.5	4
1	60	180	6
Note: MAPE—Maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene.

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表 2 各因素设计方案及测试结果

Table 2 Design and test results of each factor

Number	Mass fraction of WF/wt%	Temperature/ ℃	Mass fraction of MAPE/wt%	Mass fraction of HDPE/wt%	Impact strength / (kJ·m⁻²)	Bending strength/MPa	Tensile strength/MPa
1	50	172.5	4	46	3.95(0.20)*	44.13(0.41)	28.63(0.28)
2	50	172.5	4	46	3.64(0.34)	43.12(0.28)	28.32(0.35)
3	60	172.5	2	38	2.89(0.19)	41.26(1.07)	24.83(0.34)
4	60	180	4	36	3.11(0.16)	42.03(0.79)	25.32(0.41)
5	40	165	4	56	4.56(0.10)	38.67(1.39)	26.32(0.77)
6	50	165	2	48	3.36(0.37)	41.75(0.31)	28.13(0.49)
7	40	172.5	6	54	4.33(0.14)	37.97(0.55)	26.59(0.47)
8	50	172.5	4	46	3.87(0.34)	42.98(0.58)	28.42(0.26)
9	50	180	2	48	3.12(0.17)	40.84(0.67)	27.93(0.30)
10	50	180	6	44	3.40(0.28)	42.39(1.34)	28.21(0.32)
11	50	165	6	44	3.21(0.13)	41.77(0.31)	28.3(0.39)
12	40	172.5	2	58	4.22(0.17)	37.42(1.25)	26.51(0.74)
13	60	165	4	36	3.08(0.35)	40.91(0.48)	25.36(0.73)
14	60	172.5	6	34	3.01(0.24)	41.39(0.41)	25.67(0.73)
15	50	172.5	4	46	4.03(0.14)	44.36(0.87)	29.03(0.90)
16	40	180	4	56	4.87(0.36)	38.69(1.29)	26.89(0.47)
17	50	172.5	4	46	3.72(0.24)	43.27(1.14)	28.47(0.62)
Note: *—Standard deviation.

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表 3 WF/HDPE复合材料抗冲击强度的线性回归分析结果

Table 3 Regression analysis results for impact strength of WF/HDPE composites

Source	Sum of square	Degree of freedom	Mean square	F value	P value
Model	5.44	9	0.6	25.31	0.0002
A-WF	4.34	1	4.34	181.49	< 0.0001
B-Temperature	0.011	1	0.011	0.44	0.5284
C-MAPE	0.016	1	0.016	0.68	0.4374
AB	0.02	1	0.02	0.82	0.3952
AC	0.000025	1	0.000025	0.00105	0.9751
BC	0.046	1	0.046	1.93	0.2069
A²	0.17	1	0.17	7.15	0.0318
B²	0.081	1	0.081	3.38	0.1086
C²	0.78	1	0.78	32.73	0.0007
Residual	0.17	7	0.024	—	—
Lack of fit	0.064	3	0.021	0.82	0.546
Pure error	0.1	4	0.026	—	—
Total	5.61	16	R²=0.9702	R_adj²=0.9319	R_pre²=0.7893
Notes: F—Variance test; P—Significance test; R²—Coefficient of determination; R_adj²—Adjusted determination coefficient; R_pre²—Predictive determination coefficient.

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表 4 WF/HDPE复合材料弯曲强度的线性回归分析结果

Table 4 Regression analysis results for bending strength of WF/HDPE composites

Source	Sum of square	Degree of freedom	Mean square	F value	P value
Model	67.45	9	7.49	22.95	0.0002
A-WF	20.61	1	20.61	63.11	< 0.0001
B-Temperature	0.09	1	0.09	0.28	0.6152
C-MAPE	0.63	1	0.63	1.94	0.2065
AB	0.3	1	0.3	0.93	0.3679
AC	0.044	1	0.044	0.14	0.7241
BC	0.59	1	0.59	1.79	0.2225
A²	33.89	1	33.89	103.8	< 0.0001
B²	1.83	1	1.83	5.61	0.0497
C²	6.32	1	6.32	19.34	0.0032
Residual	2.29	7	0.33	—	—
Lack of fit	0.71	3	0.24	0.6	0.6495
Pure error	1.58	4	0.39	—	—
Total	69.74	16	R²=0.9726	R_adj²=0.9251	R_pre²=0.8023

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表 5 WF/HDPE复合材料拉伸强度的线性回归分析结果

Table 5 Regression analysis results for tensile strength of WF/HDPE composites

Source	Sum of square	Degree of freedom	Mean square	F value	P value
Model	29.53	9	3.28	54.38	< 0.0001
A-WF	3.29	1	3.29	54.52	0.0002
B-Temperature	0.0072	1	0.0072	0.12	0.7399
C-MAPE	0.23	1	0.23	3.89	0.0893
AB	0.093	1	0.093	1.54	0.2544
AC	0.14	1	0.14	2.39	0.1658
BC	0.003025	1	0.003025	0.05	0.8292
A²	24.7	1	24.7	409.32	< 0.0001
B²	0.14	1	0.14	2.25	0.1774
C²	0.27	1	0.27	4.43	0.0733
Residual	0.42	7	0.06	—	—
Lack of fit	0.11	3	0.037	0.48	0.712
Pure error	0.31	4	0.078	—	—
Total	29.96	16	R²=0.9859	R_adj²=0.9678	R_pre²=0.9239

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