Abstract: As the piezoelectric fiber composites have exhibited important applications in the areas of aerospace and aviation, it is necessary to investigate the effects of extreme environmental temperatures on their properties. In this study, the lead zirconate titanate (PAT) piezoelectric fiber composite was prepared, and the electrical impedance, free strain, actuation performance and mechanical properties of piezoelectric fiber composite were tested at different ambient temperatures. The results show that the phase angle difference of piezoelectric fiber composite changes at different ambient temperatures. Both the free strain and the actuation performance of piezoelectric fiber composite increase at first and then decrease as the ambient temperature increases. When the ambient temperature is 20℃, the longitudinal strain of the sample is 604.0×10⁻⁶, and the tip displacement generated by driving the aluminum plate is 0.789 mm. The maximum longitudinal free strains of the samples at −88℃ and 80℃ are reduced to 46.9% and 51.3% respectively, comparing with the value at 20℃, while the tip displacements are reduced to 79.6% and 83.7% respectively. When the ambient temperature increases from −88℃ to 80℃, the mechanical properties of piezoelectric fiber composites also increase.